Deforestation, the large-scale removal of forests, is caused by various human activities, such as agricultural expansion, logging, urbanization, and mining. Farmers often clear forests to make room for crops or livestock, while logging provides timber for construction and manufacturing. Urban development and infrastructure projects further contribute to the loss of forests as populations grow. Additionally, illegal activities, such as unregulated logging and slash-and-burn farming, exacerbate the problem. These causes are driven by the demand for resources, land, and economic growth, often at the expense of the environment.
The effects of deforestation are devastating. Trees play a critical role in absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen, so their removal contributes to climate change by increasing greenhouse gas levels. The loss of forests also destroys habitats, leading to the extinction of countless plant and animal species. Soil erosion becomes a major issue without tree roots to hold the soil in place, which can lead to reduced fertility and the silting of rivers. Furthermore, deforestation disrupts the water cycle, causing changes in rainfall patterns and increasing the risk of droughts and floods. Ultimately, deforestation not only harms the environment but also impacts human communities that rely on forests for their livelihood, clean air, and water.