Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular energy production by generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of the cell. Through a process called cellular respiration, mitochondria convert glucose and oxygen into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. This process occurs in two main stages: glycolysis (in the cytoplasm) and oxidative phosphorylation (within the mitochondria, specifically in the inner membrane). The ATP produced is used by cells for various functions, including muscle contraction, protein synthesis, and maintaining cellular structures, making mitochondria essential for energy metabolism and the overall function of eukaryotic cells.