DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material in almost all living organisms, carrying genetic instructions for development, function, growth, and reproduction. It consists of sequences of nucleotides that encode genes, which determine traits such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to certain diseases. DNA is passed from parents to offspring during reproduction, with variations introduced through genetic recombination and mutations. Understanding DNA has enabled advancements in genetic research, forensic science, and personalized medicine.
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DNA carries the genetic instructions for inheritance, encoding the information needed to build and regulate organisms. It determines traits through sequences of nucleotides that form genes, which code for proteins. These proteins influence physical characteristics and biological functions. During reproduction, DNA is passed from parents to offspring, ensuring genetic continuity and diversity. This process underpins heredity and evolution.